The present application provides a seismic data processing method and apparatus. The seismic data processing method comprises: obtaining seismic data of a target area; obtaining a target wave field according to the seismic data of the target area; and in a process of obtaining the target wave field, when a preset time interval is reached, according to a wave field component of the target wave field, and a time first derivative and a space first derivative of the wave field component, obtaining a wave vector, and then obtaining the polarization direction of the target wave field according to the wave vector. According to the method and apparatus provided by the present application, the process of obtaining the polarization direction is simplified, and the efficiency of seismic data processing is improved.