The invention discloses an optical component switching device based on a slice digitization automatic scanner, and relates to the technical field of optical component switching, and the device comprises an automatic scanner, an optical window fixedly installed in the automatic scanner and near the lower end, a limit table fixedly installed in the automatic scanner and near one side, and a first storage box disposed below the limit table, wherein a third storage box is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper end of the first storage box, a second storage box is fixedly installed onthe outer surface of the lower end of the limit table, and a first rotating mechanism is provided on the outer surface of the front end of the first storage box. The integrated and un-scattered equipment occupies a smaller space, which makes the use and placement of the equipment more reasonable, makes the equipment more simple and convenient when switching optical components, enables the equipment to achieve automatic operation, and is more accurate when switching light components.