The invention belongs to the technical field of cable partial discharge detection and relates to a high-frequency current sensor-based wireless cable partial discharge detection device, system and method. According to the high-frequency current sensor-based wireless cable partial discharge detection device, system and method of the invention, a wireless detection device sleeves the cable intermediate joint of a power cable; and a measuring wire is connected to a copper shielding ground wire in the cable intermediate joint. The device, system and method of the invention have the advantages of structural simplicity, reasonable design and the like. A measurement environment requires workers to enter an underground cable well to perform measurement, and as a result, the proceeding of work is difficulty. However, with the high-frequency current sensor-based wireless cable partial discharge detection device, system and method of the invention adopted, measurement, analysis and insulation diagnosis can be conveniently performed on the partial discharge of a cable; rapid and accurate partial discharge detection can be performed on a cable in an underground severe environment on the ground;equipment is simple and convenient to use, high in efficiency and easy to operate and master; and the limitation of a field environment on cable live detection can be eliminated. The device, system and method are particularly suitable for the daily inspection of team and group personnel, and fill up technical blank in China.