The invention discloses an intelligent substation relay protection device operation situation awareness and remote maintenance system, and relates to the technical field of power grid operation management. The system comprises an intelligent acquisition module, an intelligent decision module and an intelligent detection module. The intelligent acquisition module is used for obtaining information of equipment through a mobile terminal and fusing and communicating online monitoring data with historical data. Information is comprehensively captured, transmitted in real time and recorded by a system through a power wireless private network. The intelligent decision module is used for constructing an integrated data model and eliminating abnormal data. Real fault data and system disturbance data are classified, an incidence relation of protection equipment related information is constructed, an online operation state is obtained, and the intelligent detection module is used for remotely debugging and checking protection equipment, automatically recovering safety measures, generating a check report and collecting data again in the test process. Through the intelligent acquisition module, the intelligent decision module, the intelligent detection module and the like, safe, stable, efficient and economic operation of the power grid is realized.