The invention discloses a communication network detection and maintenance device with an optical fiber fault positioning function, which comprises a placement box, a fixed frame is fixedly connected to the side wall of the placement box, an armor layer is arranged in the fixed frame, and a buffer layer is arranged in the armor layer. According to the invention, the sensing circuit, the annunciator, the wireless antenna, the optical fiber circuit and the storage battery cooperate with each other; the remote controller can send a self-checking program to the annunciator of the sensing circuit through the wireless antenna, and fault location is determined; after the determined position is detected, the fault position is transmitted to the wireless antenna through the annunciator; and the wireless antenna transmits the position to the remote controller, and then the staff is sent to designated locations for repair. The device is reasonable in design, ingenious in conception and convenientto overhaul, the fault location can be detected remotely, the time for detecting the fault location is shortened, the maintenance efficiency is greatly improved, users on the way can be powered on quickly, and unnecessary economic losses are reduced.