The invention discloses a method for preparing alumina porous ceramics by using a biological template method. The method is specifically implemented according to the following steps: producing a ramiefiber fabric biological template, adding powdered aluminum, anhydrous aluminum chloride and an inducer butyl titanate into distilled water, carrying out stirring, and then, subjecting the mixture toa reaction in a thermostatic water bath, so as to prepare a polyaluminum trichloride solution; and soaking the biological template in distilled water, then, dipping the biological template in the polyaluminum trichloride solution, then, carrying out baking so as to obtain a ramie fiber fabric precursor, carrying out aerobic calcination, and then, carrying out furnace cooling, thereby obtaining alumina ceramics with fiber fabric ceramic-wood structure. According to the method, the environment-friendly porous alumina ceramic material is prepared by combining the ramie fiber fabric and the inducer, so that resources are reasonably utilized, and the environment is effectively protected; due to the addition of the inducer, the porous alumina ceramic material prepared after sintering is denser in texture, and mechanical properties such as flexural strength of the product are improved to a certain extent; and the process is simple, and the cost is low.