The invention discloses a telescopic gas release rod and a shallow gas micro-disturbance in-situ controllable release system and method. The micro-disturbance in-situ controllable release system comprise a gas detection system, a telescopic rod gas release system, a hydraulic loading system, a micro-disturbance gas release system and the like; the hydraulic loading system is used for pressing thegas detection system and the telescopic rod gas release system into a stratum containing shallow gas reservoir; the gas detection system is used for detecting the concentration of methane gas in the soil layer; the telescopic rod gas release system is used for releasing the shallow gas in situ; water gas mud in the shallow gas reservoir enters the micro-disturbance gas release system through the telescopic rod gas release system; and the micro-disturbance gas release system is used for separating gas, water and mud, and carrying out micro-disturbance gas release by adjusting the pressure of the shallow gas. By means of the shallow gas micro-disturbance in-situ controllable release system, in-situ identification of shallow gas reservoirs and micro-disturbance in-situ release of shallow gasreservoirs in coastal disaster shallow gas-bearing areas can be achieved.