The invention provides a plasma melting furnace and an electrode structure thereof. The electrode structure comprises an electrode rod, a rotating mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein the electrode rod is located in the plasma melting furnace; the electrode rod penetrates through the rotating mechanism and takes the rotating mechanism as a rotating fulcrum; the top of the electrode rodis connected with the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism moves in the vertical direction and/or the horizontal direction to drive the electrode rod to move. According to the provided electrode rod of the plasma melting furnace, the rotating mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the electrode rod as the rotating fulcrum, the transmission mechanism is connected to the top ofthe electrode rod to drive the electrode rod to move, thus the lower end of the electrode rod moves in a melting pool, the heating range of the melting pool is expanded, the condensation on the outeredge of the melting pool is avoided, and the efficiency of the plasma melting furnace is improved.