The invention discloses a composite wallboard surface material detection stretching system which comprises two clamps arranged oppositely, wherein a strip-shaped sample plate is arranged between the two clamps, two ends of the strip-shaped sample plate are respectively clamped by the two clamps, and a limiting guide assembly is arranged between the two clamps; the limiting guide assembly comprisesa linear guiding track and a limiting sliding part, the limiting sliding part is arranged on the linear guiding track and moves along the linear guiding track, and the linear guiding track and the limiting sliding parts are respectively arranged on the two clamps. The composite wallboard surface material detection stretching system of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the two clampscan only be relatively far away from each other and cannot rotate relative to the stretching direction through cooperation of the linear guiding track and the limiting sliding part, so that a calciumsilicate plate is prevented from being twisted off, the structure of a clamping part of the calcium silicate plate is prevented from being damaged, and the calcium silicate plate can be prevented frombeing sheared and damaged, thus objective and real tensile property can be measured.