The invention discloses a method for quantifying low-nutrition tolerance and nutrition utilization efficiency of plants, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural engineering and crop information detection. The method comprises the steps of: determining physiological resistance, physiological impedance and physiological capacitance of plant leaves under different clamping forces, and further calculating physiological capacitive reactance and physiological inductive reactance of the plant leaves; constructing a model that the physiological resistance of the plant leaves changes alongwith the clamping force, a model that the physiological capacitive reactance of the plant leaves changes along with the clamping force and a model that the physiological inductive reactance of the plant leaves changes along with the clamping force according to a Nernst equation; calculating inherent physiological resistance, inherent physiological capacitive reactance and inherent physiological inductive reactance of the plant leaves by utilizing the parameters of the three models; acquiring nutrition active transfer capacity and nutrition passive transfer capacity of the plant leaves based on electrophysiological parameters; and finally quantifying low-nutrition tolerance and nutrition utilization efficiency of plants. The method can quantify and detect the quantifying low-nutrition tolerance and nutrition utilization efficiency of different plants in different environments rapidly online, the detected results have comparability, the requirements of different plants for nutrition indifferent environments can be represented by means of biophysical indexes, and scientific data are provided for crop fertilization.