The invention discloses a method for realizing circuitous phase encoding multiplexing based on a metasurface array structure. The method comprises the following steps: 1, optimally designing a nano-brick unit structure which can be equivalent to a micro polarizer; 2, encoding the corresponding transmittance of the nano-brick unit structure; 3, designing a sampling unit to realize complex amplitudemodulation; 4, carrying out holographic multiplexing design on the complex amplitude; 5, generating transmittance coding information, and solving a direction angle matrix containing four pieces of direction angle information; and 6, arranging the nano-brick unit structures at equal intervals to form the metasurface array structure. The circuitous phase encoding multiplexing design method has theadvantages of simplicity, flexibility in design, easiness in operation, realization of complex amplitude holography, production of two completely different holographic sheets by changing the polarization state of incident ray polarized light, and realization of complex amplitude holographic multiplexing; and the metasurface array structure has the advantages of simple structure, small size, lightweight, compact structure and great industrialization prospect.