The invention discloses a communication method and a system for a display panel and multiple mainboards, and the method comprises the steps that each mainboard receives communication permission condition information sent by the display panel, and the communication permission condition information comprises mainboard identification information to be communicated with the display panel or to-be-queried feature information; each mainboard judges whether the own identification information or the stored feature information meets the communication permission condition information; and the mainboardmeeting the communication permission condition information establishes communication with the display panel. The mainboard needing communication can be accurately and efficiently positioned, and the problem that the mainboard needing communication cannot be efficiently and accurately positioned when an existing display panel communicates with multiple mainboards is solved.