The invention discloses a power grid dispatching drawing automatic identification method and system based on an improved YOLOv3 network and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: an inputpower grid dispatching drawing image is preprocessed, and the preprocessed power grid dispatching drawing image is input into a trained improved YOLOv3 network to obtain an equipment identification result corresponding to the power grid dispatching drawing image; an improved YOLOv3 network is trained to establish a mapping relationship between a power grid dispatching drawing image and a corresponding equipment identification result; an improved leeky ReLU activation function is adopted as the activation function; a linear function in a negative interval is replaced by a tanh function; the characteristics of an original activation function are reserved, mean shift caused by a negative interval is solved, and in addition, the tanh function of the negative interval is a non-linear function,so that the method is not excessively sensitive to special data and wrong abnormal data during network training, the robustness is improved, and the method has the characteristic of soft saturation.