The invention relates to a method for comprehensively recovering molybdenum, lead, fluorine and rare earth in rare earth ore. The method comprises the following steps that after a mineral sample is subjected to mud removal, one time of roughing, two times of scavenging and multiple times of concentration are carried out, and obtained molybdenum-lead rare earth concentrate is subjected to strong magnetic separation and shaking table sorting to obtain rare earth concentrate and shaking table tailings; one time of roughing, one time of scavenging and nine times of concentration are conducted on the molybdenum-selected lead tailings to obtain flotation fluorite concentrate; and grading treatment is carried out to obtain two kinds of fluorite concentrate in different grades. The method is advanced in process, outstanding in index and high in economic benefit, and effective utilization of the rare earth tailings containing molybdenum, lead and fluorine co-associated components is achieved.