The invention discloses a unilateral bolt fastening device with a self-resetting gasket capable of being opened and closed. The unilateral bolt fastening device comprises a screw rod, a screw nut, a gasket, a nut and the self-resetting gasket capable of being opened and closed. The self-resetting gasket capable of being opened and closed comprises a plurality of arc gasket bodies with L-shaped cross sections. A rubber arc ring is connected to the bottom of each arc gasket body, a through hole is formed in each rubber arc ring, the same elastic annular strip and a plurality of pull wires are arranged in the through holes, the multiple arc gasket bodies are gathered and closed through the annular strip to form a circular ring, and the circular ring step surface is arranged in the circular ring. The arc gasket bodies are folded and inserted into a mounting hole, and the arc gasket bodies return to the original shape under the action of elasticity; the screw nut extends into the mounting hole and pulls the pull wires to prevent the gasket from falling off; the screw nut abuts against the arc step surface and triggers the annular strip to drive the arc gasket bodies to be rotated and opened to enable the screw nut to pass through; and after the screw nut completely enters, the arc gasket bodies return to the original shape under the action of elasticity, the screw nut is clamped tightly to realize unilateral anchoring, and the mounting is convenient and fast.