The invention relates to the technical field of electrician detection particularly relates to a cable buffer layer state evaluation method and system. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a perspective view of a detected cable, calculating to obtain a separation length of the detected cable according to the perspective drawing of the detected cable, calculating to obtain an allowable distance of the detected cable according to parameters of the detected cable, and comparing the separation length and the allowable distance of the detected cable to obtain an evaluation result of the detected cable, wherein the separation length is the actual separation length of a corrugated aluminum protective sleeve and a buffer layer in the detected cable, and the allowable distance is the allowable separation length of the corrugated aluminum protective sleeve and the buffer layer in the detected cable. According to the invention, the state of the buffer layer can be evaluated visually and accurately.