The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, and particularly provides a soil column culture container and a soil column culture test method. The soil column culture container comprises an outerpipe and an inner pipe, the inner pipe is made of deformable materials, and the inner pipe is movably arranged in the outer pipe. When the container is used for sampling after soil column culture, anoriginal structure of a soil column is not damaged, the accuracy is high, and the morphological change characteristics of fertilizer (such as phosphate fertilizer) in a fertilizer zone micro-domain and the migration quantity of fertilizer elements (such as phosphorus) at different distances from a fertilization point can be accurately known. The soil column culture test method adopts the soil column culture container to carry out a soil column culture test. According to the method, the soil column culture container is adopted for a soil column culture test, so that the method has the advantages that the sampling accuracy is high, and the morphological change characteristics of the fertilizer (such as phosphate fertilizer) in the fertilizer zone micro-domain and the migration amounts of fertilizer elements (such as phosphorus) at different distances from a fertilization point can be accurately obtained.