The invention relates to the field of reinforcing materials and discloses a polyurethane composition and a polyurethane type composite material and a preparation method of the polyurethane type composite material. The polyurethane composition comprises a component A, a component B and a component C, wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B to the component C is 1:(0.7-0.95):(0.01-0.4); the component A comprises an alkali solution, a catalyst and a fiber; the component B comprises a polyisocyanate prepolymer and a solubilizer; and the component C comprises an aluminum silicon material. The polyurethane composition disclosed by the invention has a low highest reaction temperature in a curing process, and the obtained polyurethane type composite material not only has high pressure resistance, but also has high tension strength, and can be widely applied to dam foundation pit reinforcement treatment and the like.