A high speed railway roadbed dynamic evaluation method comprises the steps of measuring to obtain a roadbed surface dynamic load and a roadbed dynamic deformation actual measured value of a detectionposition first; determining a roadbed dynamic stress actual measured value and a final structural parameter of each layer of structure of a roadbed; obtaining a relation between the roadbed dynamic stress actual measured value of the detection position and a dynamic strain; according to the final structural parameter, obtaining a roadbed critical dynamic strain; according to the relation between the roadbed dynamic stress actual measured value of the detection position and the dynamic strain and the roadbed critical dynamic strain, obtaining a limit value of the roadbed dynamic stress of the detection position; and on the basis of the limit value of the roadbed dynamic stress, obtaining a limit value of roadbed dynamic deformation. According to the high speed railway roadbed dynamic evaluation method, on the basis of sufficiently considering high speed railway roadbed requirements and roadbed filling property, parameter standards are reasonably determined; and therefore, the roadbed power performance can be rapidly and accurately determined, and the applicability of the roadbed can be evaluated.