The invention discloses a modular rapid electric energy meter sorting device and a sorting method. The sorting device comprises a feeding unit and a discharging unit, which are arranged at the front end and the rear end of an assembly line conveying belt respectively. A modular test unit is arranged between the feeding unit and the discharging unit. The test unit comprises an image recognition unit, a basic function detection unit, a communication function detection unit, a labeling unit and other function detection units. The basic function detection unit comprises a control host. The image recognition unit, the basic function detection unit, the communication function detection unit, the labeling unit and the other function detection units can be freely combined, exchanged, newly added or removed, and the configuration number or the configuration sequence can be continuously adjusted according to actual test conditions. According to the device and method, automatic, rapid and accurate sorting work of electric energy meters is achieved, and the detection function units can be increased or decreased correspondingly according to modular design, so that automatic adaptation of different test requirements is achieved, and resource waste is avoided.