The invention discloses an energy storage battery array rapid equalization system in a distributed energy storage power station, and the system comprises a switch control module which controls the charging and discharging of an energy storage battery array and the charging and discharging of each single battery in the battery array; a multi-source information acquisition module which is used for acquiring current battery state information and real-time parameters of the energy storage battery array; an equalization module which is used for carrying out active equalization processing on the battery array which is judged to be equalized by the control center; a database which is used for recording historical records and data of the multi-source information acquisition module and the equalization module; a control center which obtains internal and external parameters of the battery pack through the multi-source information acquisition module to judge whether the battery pack needs to be balanced or not, wherein an instruction is transmitted to the equalization control module of the battery pack in urgent need of equalization for equalization budget. The system and the method can be used for quickly and actively balancing the energy storage battery array in the energy storage power station, improving the operation efficiency of the energy storage power station and prolonging the service life of the energy storage battery array of the energy storage power station.