The invention discloses an optical cable line fault positioning and visualization method and system based on AI image discrimination. The method comprises the steps that an optical time domain reflectometer and a monitoring and shooting device are installed in an optical cable line; visualizing an optical cable line in a GIS system map; measuring the length from an optical cable fault point to a measuring point; calculating the geographic position of the optical cable fault point; the monitoring and shooting device collects an optical cable image of an optical cable fault point and a surrounding environment image and uploads the images to the monitoring and management platform. And the monitoring management platform performs fault image recognition and fault analysis. The system comprisesan optical time domain reflectometer, a monitoring shooting device and a monitoring management platform. The problem that an optical cable fault point cannot be accurately positioned in the prior artis solved. An optical cable fault point can be accurately positioned, the type and reason of an optical cable fault can be clearly known while positioning is carried out, maintenance personnel can conveniently and quickly arrive at the site, the maintenance personnel can conveniently prepare maintenance tools and schemes in advance, the maintenance efficiency is improved, and losses are reduced.