The invention relates to a slide chain clamp type on-film transplanting machine. The slide chain clamp type on-film transplanting machine comprises a transplanting device and soil covering devices, wherein the transplanting device and the soil covering devices are mounted on a frame, the transplanting device comprises a limit retaining plate, seedling clamps, a seedling clamp switch, a chain transmission mechanism, a driver and a clamp pushing mechanism, the limit retaining plate is arranged in the advancing direction of the transplanting machine and on the inner side of the front end of the frame, the soil covering devices are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of the rear end of the frame relative to the axial direction of the frame, and the soil covering longitudinal position central lines of the soil covering devices, the rotation circulating line of the seedling clamps and the longitudinal symmetry central line of the limit retaining plate are located in the same plane; theseedling clamps are evenly distributed on the chain of the chain transmission mechanism, the seedling clamp switch is arranged on the shell of the chain transmission mechanism, the driver is arrangedon the chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism is connected with the clamp pushing mechanism, the clamp pushing mechanism vertically moves in a reciprocating manner to puncturea film and penetrate into soil. The slide chain clamp type on-film transplanting machine adopting stepped and progressive clamp pushing transplanting is suitable for on-film transplanting, small in transplanting resistance, compact in structure, capable of preventing chain clamp deviation during transplanting and high in transplanting quality.