The invention discloses a distributed hydrological model sub-basin division method considering multiple elements, and relates to the technical field of distributed hydrological model calculation unitdivision application, and the method comprises the following steps: calculating the flow direction and the confluence accumulation number of each grid of a basin to be divided; setting a pseudo riverreach length threshold value and deleting; setting a single-point segmentation position of sub-basin division; encoding the large-area water body and carrying out boundary modification; performing traceability retrieval on the simulated river network grids, and performing encoding at the same time; taking each simulated river network grid as a starting point, performing traceability traversal on the non-simulated river network grids according to the grid flow direction, and setting the land surface codes of all the non-river network grids converged into the current simulated river network gridas the river network codes of the simulated river network grids; and generating a sub-basin upstream and downstream topological relation table. The single-point segmentation requirements in the sub-basin division process can be comprehensively considered, and reservoir and lake water surfaces are automatically processed and divided into the same sub-basin.