The invention relates to a thermal spraying test system and method. The thermal spraying test system comprises a powder collecting chamber, a spraying substrate (70), a weighing device and a data processing device, wherein the inner wall of the powder collecting chamber forms a hollow inner cavity, the outer wall is provided with a window (11) communicating with the outside of the powder collecting chamber and the hollow inner cavity and used for a spray head of a spray gun to enter, and a heat dissipation opening (12) communicating with the outside of the powder collecting chamber and the hollow inner cavity; the spraying substrate (70) is arranged on the inner wall of the powder collecting chamber, and the orthographic projection on the plane of the window (11) is at least partially positioned in the window (11); the weighing device is used for respectively weighing powder scattered in the thermal spraying process and collected in the powder collecting chamber and a coating formed onthe spraying substrate (70) after thermal spraying; and the data processing device is used for determining burning loss data of the spraying material in the thermal spraying process according to thequality of the coating formed on the spraying substrate (70) and the collected powder mass.