The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to a space building cavity ventilation and lighting structure. The structure comprises a space building structure main body andventilation lighting cavities, wherein the space building structure main body is provided with a plurality of floors, the plurality of ventilation lighting cavities are arranged on the plurality of floors, the plurality of ventilation lighting cavities are composed of horizontal cavities communicating with one another and a plurality of sets of vertical cavities, the horizontal cavities are formed in the bottom of the space building structure main body in a penetrating mode, the plurality of sets of vertical cavities penetrate through the space building structure main body up and down, each set of vertical cavities are symmetrically arranged, the plurality of sets of vertical cavities enclose to be distributed in a rectangular mode, and the ventilation lighting cavities are used for guiding passing of wind and illumination of light.