The invention discloses an effective wind speed estimation-based virtual inertia control method for a large-scale wind turbine generator. The method comprises the following steps that: S1, the rotating speed, output power, pitch angle, cabin wind speed and cabin vibration acceleration of the wind turbine generator are detected in real time, and a wind speed estimation value is obtained through aneffective wind speed estimation method; S2, the estimated output power of the wind turbine generator is obtained through a wind speed-power relation curve; S3, in a transition process control mode, energy absorbed or released in a virtual inertia control mode is calculated; S4, the supplement or absorption of the inertia energy of a wind wheel by the wind turbine generator is calculated; S5, timerequired by the transition process control mode is calculated; and S6, the output power set value of the wind turbine generator in the transition process control mode is calculated. With the Accordingto the method, smooth switching of the unit between a virtual inertia response control mode and a maximum energy tracking control mode is guaranteed, and large secondary impact on the frequency of apower grid caused by a virtual inertia response control recovery process is avoided.