The invention belongs to the field of ventilation and heat exchange equipment. The ventilation and heat exchange device of the control cabinet comprises a control cabinet body; the control cabinet body is of a rectangular structure; fixed bases are fixedly installed at the outer walls of the periphery of the bottom of the control cabinet body; each fixed base is of a rectangular structure; a threaded hole is formed in the outer wall of the top of each fixed base; a cabinet door is movably connected to one side of the outer wall of the front surface of the control cabinet body through a rotating shaft; a window of a rectangular structure is formed in the outer wall of the front surface of the cabinet door; and a locking clamping buckle is rotationally connected to the outer wall of the side, close to the window, of the cabinet door. With the ventilation and heat exchange device of the invention adopted, the interior of a pressure measuring instrument can be observed in time; emergency situations in a test process can be effectively avoided; safety performance is improved; a ventilation effect in the control cabinet body can be timely and effectively achieved; the service lives of electronic components are prolonged; and a dustproof effect and a damp-proof effect in the control cabinet body can be well achieved.