The invention provides an active power distribution network power transaction subject optimization decision-making method based on an alliance chain framework, and aims to establish an active power distribution network power market transaction system under the alliance chain framework, and realize distributed storage of transaction data by dynamically selecting alliance nodes without setting an additional third-party supervision mechanism. Meanwhile, based on the transaction system, a detailed authentication method for active power distribution network power transaction under an alliance chainframework is provided, and on the basis, mathematical description is carried out on the transaction process by utilizing an active power distribution network power transaction optimization model based on a cooperative evolutionary game; a model solving result can be used as a basis for generating an intelligent contract, and finally decision optimization of active power distribution network powertransaction under an alliance chain framework is realized.