The invention relates to a treatment system for chloride molten salt-containing tail gas. A nitrogen nozzle device is connected with a tail gas generating device through a connecting pipeline; an airsuction hood is arranged at the upper part of the nitrogen nozzle device; a treatment subsystem is connected with the air suction hood; a heating and heat preservation subsystem is connected with theconnecting pipeline; a control monitoring subsystem is connected with the heating and heat preservation subsystem and the treatment subsystem so as to control and monitor the temperature of the connecting pipeline and control the tail gas treatment amount of the treatment subsystem; the treatment subsystem comprises a tail gas conveying pipeline, and the tail gas conveying pipeline is connected with the air suction hood to receive tail gas and enable molten salt dust and/or molten salt volatile matters in the tail gas to be crystallized and separated out in the tail gas conveying pipeline. Theinvention further provides a treatment method of the chloride molten salt-containing tail gas. According to the treatment system and method for the chloride molten salt-containing tail gas, the problems of high-temperature molten salt tail gas blockage, serious pipeline corrosion, tail gas emission and the like can be solved, and the treatment system and method have the advantages of being simplein process, high in corrosion resistance, good in operability and the like.