The invention relates to a treatment system for molten salt-containing tail gas. The system comprises a tail gas generating device, a connecting pipeline, a filter, a treatment subsystem, a heating subsystem and a control detection subsystem, wherein the filter is connected with the tail gas generating device through the connecting pipeline so as to intercept molten salt dust in tail gas; the treatment subsystem is connected with the filter to treat filtered tail gas; the heating subsystem is connected with the connecting pipeline and the filter to provide a heat source; the control detectionsubsystem is connected with the heating subsystem to detect and control the temperature of the connecting pipeline and the temperature of the filter. The invention also provides a treatment method forthe molten salt-containing tail gas. According to the treatment system and method for the molten salt-containing tail gas, the problems of high-temperature molten salt tail gas blockage, serious pipeline corrosion, tail gas emission and the like can be solved, and the treatment system and method have the advantages of being high in corrosion resistance, high in filtering efficiency, good in replaceability, high in sealing performance, good in heat resistance and the like.