The invention discloses a multi-party layered quantum key sharing method, which belongs to the field of multi-party quantum secret communication and comprises a sender and a plurality of receivers, and is characterized in that the sender takes a two-to-four particle cluster state as a quantum channel of the sender and the receivers; the sender asymmetrically splits any two quantum bit states withsecret state information to each receiver based on the quantum channel; the receivers cooperate with each other, and the secret state of the sender is recovered by using the two quantum bit states. According to the invention, any two-quantum bit state is split, and the carrying capacity of transmission information is twice that of a single-quantum bit state.