The invention relates to a top-charging coke oven coal charging smoke dust treatment system and process. A coal gas stop valve is arranged on a bridge pipe; the top of an ascending pipe is connected with a first connector of a smoke guide tee joint A, a water seal valve is arranged on a second connector of the smoke guide tee joint A, a third connector is connected with a first connector of a smoke guide tee joint B through a first connecting pipe, and a smoke stop valve is arranged on the first connecting pipe; a connector II and a connector III of the smoke guide tee joint B are respectivelyconnected with corresponding connectors of the smoke guide tee joints B of carbonization chambers on the corresponding side through connecting pipes II, and a plurality of connecting pipes II are sequentially connected in series to form a furnace top coaling smoke dust pipe; the furnace top coal charging smoke dust pipe is sequentially connected with a dry dust removal device, a fan and a coal gas mixing device through a smoke dust conveying pipe; a furnace top coaling sealing device is a sleeve type furnace top coaling sealing device. The problems that smoke dust generated in the coal charging process of a top-charging coke oven is guided into a coal gas system, a coal gas purification system and device are unfavorable in smooth operation, tar product quality is reduced and the like canbe effectively solved, and application of a coal humidifying process is promoted.