The invention discloses a troubleshooting line patrol path planning method under a distribution automation condition. The method comprises the following steps: (1) after power distribution terminals are installed in a power distribution network line, performing automatic transformation: dividing a line patrol section according to the number and installation positions of the power distribution terminals by using adjacent matrix changes; (2) calculating the shortest distance between line nodes to form a shortest distance matrix; (3) when the power distribution network line is faulty, determiningthe faulty line section according to fault information reported by the power distribution terminals; and (4) determining an optimal troubleshooting line patrol path by using an improved genetic algorithm with the node that traverses the faulty section within the shortest time as the target. By adopting the method, the problems of low efficiency and insufficient practicability of the troubleshooting line patrol path planning method under the distribution automation condition in the prior art are solved, fast troubleshooting of power distribution network faults is realized, and the power outagetime is shortened.