The invention relates to a data communication method and device for parallel simulation between control protection simulation models, and belongs to the technical field of power system digital simulation. The method includes setting write flag bits and read flag bits; carrying out a data writing step: when data needs to be sent, judging whether the writing flag bits are valid or not; if yes, writing data needing to be sent into the first memory area, and negating the writing flag bit; if not, writing data needing to be sent into the second memory area, and negating the writing flag bit; carrying out a data reading step: when the data needs to be received, judging whether the reading flag bit is valid or not, if not, reading the data needing to be received from the second memory area, and negating the reading flag bit; and if so, reading the data needing to be received from the first memory area, and negating the read flag bit. According to the method, the number of Trcvr modules used for transmitting signals among multiple cores can be reduced, the operational capability of a multi-core CPU is fully utilized, and the overall simulation speed of the model is increased.