The invention discloses a reservoir flood control scheduling rule determination method based on an elastic theory, and belongs to the technical field of reservoir scheduling. The concept of system elasticity is introduced into reservoir flood control scheduling rule research for the first time, firstly, the definition of reservoir downstream protection point system elasticity is given, and a system performance function is adopted to describe the reaction of a downstream protection point after flood attack to quantify the downstream protection point elasticity. Then, a multi-objective flood control optimal scheduling model is established with the minimum maximum water level of the upstream reservoir, the minimum maximum flow of the downstream flood control point and the maximum elasticity of the downstream protection point as objectives, and an NSGA-II method is adopted for multi-objective optimization; and finally, a final recommendation scheme is provided on the basis of multi-targetcompetition cooperation relationship analysis. The concept of elasticity of the downstream protection point is introduced, the capacity of resisting, self-adapting and recovering the downstream protection point after the downstream protection point suffers from extreme flood can be effectively described, a reservoir flood control scheduling scheme evaluation system is more perfect and conforms tothe reality, and therefore the comprehensive benefits of a reservoir are increased.