The invention provides an in-shoe ultraviolet directional sterilization method and device based on machine vision. The device is applied to a shoe cabinet and comprises a camera, an upper computer controller, an ultraviolet sterilization module, a lower computer controller and a mechanical arm, wherein the device is arranged in the shoe cabinet, and the ultraviolet sterilization module is arrangedat the tail end of the mechanical arm; the camera is used for acquiring an image of a target shoe in the shoe cabinet; the upper computer controller is used for identifying and analyzing the image toobtain shoe opening position coordinates of the target shoe; the lower computer controller is used for controlling moving posture of the mechanical arm based on the shoe opening position coordinates,so that the ultraviolet sterilization module goes deep into the target shoe; and the ultraviolet sterilization module is used for sterilizing the interior of the target shoe. The in-shoe ultravioletdirectional sterilization method and device based on machine vision relieve the technical problems that in the prior art, shoe sterilization equipment is large in size and cannot go deep into shoes, and the application range and the environment of the shoe sterilization equipment are limited.