The invention discloses a bolt overhaul device of a high-speed rail sound barrier. The bolt overhaul device of the high-speed rail sound barrier is characterized by comprising a machine body, a movingmechanism and a rotating mechanism; the moving mechanism comprises a base plate, a guide rail is arranged on the base plate, a sliding block is arranged on the guide rail, a moving seat is arranged on the sliding block, and the rotating mechanism is arranged on the moving seat; the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating motor, a speed reducer and a rotating shaft, the rotating motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the speed reducer, and the end part of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a telescopic arm; the lower part of the machine body is provided with wheels, a drivemotor, a control box, an operating platform and a lifting mechanism are arranged on the machine body, the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting column, and the lifting column is fixed with the lowerend of the moving mechanism; through the above method, the bolt overhaul device can detect and record the state of each bolt well, position and fasten the loosened bolt accurately, and ensure the normal state of the sound barrier.