The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean seismic exploration, and discloses a dynamic positioning method and system of a submarine geophone and the geophone. The dynamic positioning method comprises the steps of picking up first arrival time of submarine geophone seismic data; performing secondary positioning calculation on each special detection point according to direct wave traveltime of all shot data of a sea surface to obtain coordinate under the condition that the point is assumed to be fixed; calculating theoretical travel time of direct waves of the detection point and each shot point according to the obtained secondary positioning coordinate of the detection point, the coordinates of shot points and a seawater speed, and subtracting the theoretical travel time from direct wave travel time, actually picked up, of each shot point to obtain travel time residue of the direct wave of each shoot point; calculating an average value and a range of travel time residue ofall shots in each shot line; and determining a moment when the geophone moves according to an average value and a range of travel time residue of an adjacent shot line, and determining when the geophone is relatively fixed within certain time. By the dynamic positioning method, a foundation is laid for subsequent high-accuracy imaging.