The invention discloses a preparation method of 4D printed copper-based shape memory alloy and the 4D printed copper-based shape memory alloy. The preparation method comprises the steps that 4D printed metal powder is prepared, specifically, the 4D printed metal powder comprises, by mass percentage, 10%-25% of Al, 5%-15% of Mn, 0.1%-0.9% of Si, 0.1%-1.0% of Ni, 0.01%-0.5% of Zn, 0.05%-0.3% of Mg,0.05%-0.4% of Ti, 0.05%-0.2% of Zr, 0.05%-0.2% of Sc and the balance copper; vacuum melting operation is conducted, powder is manufactured through atomization, powder screening is conducted, and drying operation is conducted; 4D printing is conducted; and heat treatment is conducted. According to the preparation method of the 4D printed copper-based shape memory alloy and the 4D printed copper-based shape memory alloy, due to the fact that other microelements are added to CuAlMn shape memory copper alloy, the shape memory effect of the CuAlMn alloy can be substantially improved, and the mechanical property is substantially improved. The martensite phase transformation point of the finished product which is prepared after 4D printing is accomplished can be accurately controlled at the temperature ranging from -20 DEG C to 200 DEG C by changing the components of the microelements.