The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering strengthening, and discloses a system for measuring an interfacial heat resistance of an FRP strengthened concrete beam and a measurement method. A heat insulation layer is disposed inside an external protective shell; an electric heating wire is paved at an edge of the heat insulation layer inside a heating device; the electric heating wire is connected to a temperature controller via an outgoing line; a first heat insulation end plate is stuffed on a front end of the heating device, and a second heat insulation end plate is stuffed on a rear end of the heating device; a lateral support plate is disposed on a lower end of each of the first heat insulation end plate and the second heat insulation end plate; a support is located on a sliding track; a bottom to-be-heated component is placed on the support; a top cover plate covers two sides of the bottom to-be-heated component; a loading frame is fixed on a base; a jack isfixed on the loading frame via a bolt; a displacement meter is fixed on the base by a magnetism; and the jack and the displacement meter are respectively and electrically connected to a loading control and data collection systems via a connection line. The system provided by the invention uses the electric heating wire controlled by the temperature controller for heating, the temperature heatingrange may implement 0-800 DEG C, the operation is simple and convenient, and the resource is saved.