The invention discloses a colloidal fire extinguishing agent fire-extinguishing performance test system and a test method. The test system includes a hydraulic device, a combustion device and a data acquisition and processing device, the data acquisition and processing device includes a camera, a plurality of thermocouples, connection terminals, a signal processing module, a signal transmission module and a computer. The test method includes the following steps of 1, preparation of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel solution, 2, debugging of the test system, 3, obtaining of fire extinguishing effect parameters at the time of a fire extinguishing agent being the temperature-sensitive hydrogel solution, 4, obtaining of fire extinguishing effect parameters at the time of the fire extinguishingagent being a DTE water-based fire extinguishing agent, 5, obtaining of fire extinguishing effect parameters at the time of the fire extinguishing agent being tap water and 6, handling of the fire extinguishing effect parameters. The fire extinguishing effect can be tested and evaluated, and an objective and accurate basis is provided for selecting a suitable fire extinguishing agent.