The invention relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a component state monitoring method of a switch cabinet, which comprises the following steps: respectively acquiring real-time images in the switch cabinet through a plurality of image collection modules; an image enhancement algorithm is utilized to highlight the edges of the components in the image and remove redundant backgrounds; judging whether the image collection module is in a motion state or a stop state according to the difference image of the front and rear frames of images; if the image collection module is in the motion state, feature points of the image are extracted, and compensation is performed by using the motion trails of the feature points so as to smooth image jitter caused by the image collection module; and monitoring the state of the component by using an image processing algorithm and taking a region surrounded by the edge of the component as a region of interest. The method achieves the omnibearing obtaining of the image in the switch cabinet, removes the redundant background, reduces the interference of state judgment, reduces the calculation amount, improves the judgment speed, obtainsa clear image, reduces the interference of final state judgment, and finally achieves the monitoring of the state of a part.