The invention relates to a dam state detection method and device, a computer device and a readable storage medium. The dam state detection method comprises the steps of obtaining a to-be-detected image in a dam monitoring scene; inputting the to-be-detected image into a deep learning model based on an attention mechanism to obtain a detection result image; and determining the dam state according to the detection result image. According to the dam state detection method, the to-be-detected image under dam monitoring is detected through the deep learning model based on the attention mechanism, the method can be applied to detection of various targets under a dam monitoring scene, and the detection accuracy is high.