The invention provides a five-prevention key mobile power supply, which comprises a back clamp type main body, a mobile power supply assembly and a cover plate, and is characterized in that the mobilepower supply assembly comprises a charging base, a control mainboard, a back clamp type mobile power supply and a power transmitting and receiving module, and the charging base comprises a USB interface and an external power supply interface. Meanwhile, the invention provides a five-prevention key mobile power supply management method, which comprises the steps of judging whether the five-prevention key mobile power supply is in a charging state or a discharging state, and further employing a charging or discharging strategy. The five-prevention key mobile power supply is provided with a wireless charging mode and a USB interface charging mode at the same time, is convenient to adapt to wired power output devices and wireless power transmission devices on the market, facilitates power storage of devices, can be selected by a user according to requirements, and is high in applicability; the five-prevention key mobile power supply can maintain high charging efficiency when charging a five-prevention key by means of USB interface charging; and the five-prevention key does not become very hot in the charging process, so that the safety performance is further improved.