The invention discloses a thermal-insulation and heat-preservation material for a special-type carriage or square cabin and a structure. The surface of the inner wall of a carriage or square bin steelplate (1) is coated with the material, and the material comprises a high-temperature-resistance thermal-insulation layer (2) and a low heat-conduction heat-preservation layer (3) from the inner surface of the carriage or square bin steel plate (1) to the inside in sequence. The high-temperature-resistance thermal-insulation layer (2) is of a multilayer stacked structure and is sequentially composed of high reflection layers a (21) and high heat resistance layers a (22) which are alternately stacked. The low heat-conduction heat-preservation layer (3) is of a multilayer stacked structure and is sequentially composed of high reflection layers b (31) and high heat resistance layers b (32) which are alternately stacked. The peripheries of the multilayer structure consisting of the high-temperature-resistance thermal-insulation layer (2) and the low heat-conduction heat-preservation layer (3) are uniformly covered with fiber cloth (4). The thermal-insulation and heat-preservation materialhas small thickness, low weight, a good thermal-insulation and heat-preservation effect and high efficiency. Meanwhile, the thermal-insulation and heat-preservation material has a good retaining and positioning effect, and is not liable to generate the phenomena such as shedding and up-turning.