The invention discloses a quality sampling combustion test device and an evaluation method for fire-proof blankets/straps of cables. By setting a simulated external fire source test platform and/or asimulated internal fire source test platform, the simulated external fire source test platform comprises a first cylinder and a temperature test bandage that is arranged on the outer surface of the first cylinder, wherein the fire-proof blankets/straps is arranged outside the temperature test bandage; and the simulated internal fire source test platform comprises a second cylinder for packaging the set fire-proof blankets/straps and the temperature test bandage that is arranged outside the packaged fire-proof blanket/straps. According to the quality sampling combustion test device and the evaluation method for the fire-proof blankets/straps of the cables, when the fire-proof blankets/straps are used to package the cables, and an external fire source and/or firing of the cables are simulated, a temperature value of the temperature test bandage recorded within a preset time is used to judge fire resistance of the fire blankets/straps.