The invention relates to an urban building group design method based on comprehensive optimization of energy consumption and local microclimate. The method includes: searching meteorological data of aresearch area according to the research area, wherein the meteorological data comprise local wind speed, wind direction, sunlight, sunlight time, annual heating, refrigeration and ventilation duration, relative humidity and outdoor temperature; building a building group model according to the distribution characteristics of the urban area building groups; determining building temperature or heatflow distribution in the area; dividing the outdoor space, and determining the thermal comfort of the outdoor space; establishing multiple calculation models according to the typical building shape, layout and surface photo-thermal characteristics, repeating operation from the step 3 to the step 5 on each model in the multiple calculation models, and obtaining multiple sets of lighting load, cooling and heating load and thermal comfort data; and according to the obtained multiple sets of lighting load, cooling and heating load and thermal comfort data, carrying out comprehensive processing, and obtaining the optimal building group space form layout.