The invention provides an X-ray source cathode detection method, an X-ray source cathode detection system and an X-ray imaging system using the X-ray source cathode detection system. The X-ray sourcecathode detection method comprises the following steps: detecting the working condition of an X-ray source cathode and obtaining corresponding working parameters; obtaining aging curve data of the X-ray source cathode, wherein the aging curve data comprise environmental parameters and/or cathode model parameters and batch parameters; calculating according to the obtained working parameters and thecorresponding aging curve data; obtaining a detection result according to a calculation result, wherein the detection result comprises the residual service life and/or the fault probability of the cathode; and generating a cathode use list according to the calculation result, and adjusting the cathode use list to remove the cathode with the high fault probability from the cathode use list under the condition that the high fault probability is found.