The invention discloses a data resource authorization method and system based on a block chain, belongs to the field of data resource access, and aims to solve the technical problem of how to improvethe statistical accuracy of data resource access. The method comprises the following steps: compiling a data resource authorization management smart contract, and uploading the data resource authorization management smart contract to a block chain; writing a data gateway interception service; and calling a data resource authorization management smart contract to judge whether the to-be-accessed data resource is authorized to the data resource user, if so, returning the to-be-accessed data resource to the data resource user, and if not, returning an unauthorized message to the data resource user, and uploading the data access result to the blockchain. The data resource authorization system comprises an intelligent contract module and a data gateway module.